In
the sixth grade, I had the audacity
to ask the teacher, "What about
poor people? Should they be thankful?"
I got my cul reamed for making such
a flippant inquiry. "Poor people
especially have to be thankful,"
I was told. "God works in mysterious
ways." I did not have the nerve
to tell her I did not believe in God.
In
my 12 years of schooling in Rhode
Island and Fall River, Massachusetts,
I was taught nothing about Native
American culture of the area, except
at Thanksgiving. In grammar school,
it was obligatory for students to
create a drawing with Crayola crayons
that depicted the first Thanksgiving:
some weary, but benevolent white
settlers mingling with Native Americans
over a feast. The Indians always
looked savage and the whites so
civilized.
We
also were told that turkey was the
main fare for the feast, but again
we were told another lie. Fish and
small fowl, along with native vegetables,
some of which the Pilgrims were
unaware, adorned the menu.
The
Wampanoag Indians, under Chief Massasoit,
welcomed the Pilgrims to Massachusetts
and provided food for what we now
call the first Thanksgiving. The
goodwill between the two peoples
lasted only a short time, however.
Eventually,
Metacomet (Anglicized name, Philip),
Massasoit’s son, became chief
after his father’s death.
During the time of the new regime,
the Puritans were launching a land-grab
from the Indians and were hostile
toward the Natives, who had benevolently
given them the rights to thousands
of acres of land while asking for
nothing in return.
When
Metacomet called "foul,"
the Puritans upped the ante. He
approached the governing authorities
of the Puritans and complained that
they were encroaching on Indian
land and stealing their crops. When
a court met, it was run by three
Puritain judges who negated the
complaints of Metacomet and then
ordered the Indians to be disarmed.
That was the last straw for the
Indian leader.
Over
the next few years, tensions rose
with Indians and Puritans alike
being killed in raids. The more
the Puritans encroached, the more
the Indians resisted.
In
1675, all-out war began. The name
given to the war was King Philip’s
War. Maybe it should have been the
Puritan War, but history has been
unkind to the Natives.
In
the beginning, Metacomet’s
forces were dominating. At one time,
the Puritans were pushed back and
were discussing going back to England.
But, the Natives began running out
of food. Their demise was at hand.
Within
two years, most of the proud Wampanoag
Indians were massacred. A nation
that included more than 30,000 people
with highly-organized governments
and social structures, became a
shabby band of no more than 2,000
Indians at the end of the war. They
were ordered into slavery. Until
this day, they have never recovered.
The descendants of the Wampanoags
of the 17th century live today in
southeastern Massachusetts and most
live in poverty.
Metacomet
was killed by the Puritans who paid
an Indian informant to spy on him
and report his location. His body
parts were put on public display
throughout the region. Within six
decades of landing at Plymouth Rock,
the whites had forever destroyed
a culture that had inhabited the
area for thousands of years prior
to the arrival of the Mayflower.
The
legacy of Metacomet should be that
of America’s first resistance
hero. However, few Native Americans
have been given credit in U.S. history
for acts of bravery, so he is still
listed in our history books as a
belligerent Indian who began a war
against the civilized Anglos. According
to white history, he was the perpetrator
of the war, not the victim.
In
1675, the Boston Indian Imprisonment
Act was established. It ordered
the arrest of any Indian entering
the city. To this day, the law is
still on the books.
A
tribal leader of the Kumeyaay Nation
of southern California once told
me that the two most sorrowful days
of the year for Native Americans
are Columbus Day and Thanksgiving.
He could not understand why U.S.
citizens in this day and age still
celebrate the two days of Native
American catastrophe with all the
knowledge that has been forthcoming
in the past few decades about the
Native American holocaust.
There
is some enlightenment, but still
not enough. On October 12 each year,
dozens of anti-Columbus Day protests
are now being held in U.S. cities.
Ironically, in conservative San
Diego, the anti-Columbus Day protest
draws more people than the official
Columbus Day parade in the downtown
area. I attribute this to the numbers
of Kumeyaay Indians living in San
Diego County.
I
think the U.S. should follow the
lead of President Hugo Chavez of
Venezuela. A few years ago, he decommissioned
Columbus Day in his country and
today, on the same date, the official
holiday of Indian Liberation Day
is celebrated.
Here
is another note of irony. Each year,
at Plymouth, a mock Thanksgiving
feast is held for the public to
view. The clothing and the food
are meant to be identical to those
of the original Thanksgiving. The
script for this year’s event
had to be re-written. Members of
the Wampanoag tribe, who normally
participate, decided to boycott
this year’s show. They have
had enough.